146.Section 41 exempts, as a class, information obtained from any other person if its disclosure would constitute a breach of confidence actionable by that or any other person. This provision confers absolute exemption for the purposes of section 2. A duty of confidence may be created by contract, or may arise from the circumstances. The common law of confidence itself provides that in certain circumstances a duty of confidence does not arise having regard to the public interest.
147.Subsection (2) provides that the obligation under section 1(1)(a) to confirm or deny that the requested information is held does not arise if, or to the extent that, the confirmation or denial that would have to be given to comply with section 1(1)(a) would (apart from this Act) constitute an actionable breach of confidence.