102.The Public Interest Disclosure Act 1998 (“PIDA 1998”) inserted a new Part 4A into the ERA 1996 to provide protection, in certain circumstances, for whistleblowers (i.e. those who expose evidence of wrongdoing by employers or third parties in the context of the workplace). The ERA 1996 defines the type of disclosures that are protected and also seeks to regulate to whom the disclosures can be made. The relevant provisions came into force on 2 July 1999.
103.The Employment Appeal Tribunal decision in Parkins v Sodexho Ltd [2002] IRLR 109 raised the possibility that any complaint about any aspect of an individual’s employment contract could lay the foundation for a protected disclosure. This has led to claims being lodged at employment tribunals that would not otherwise have been brought and is contrary to the intention of the legislation.
104.Sections 43C, 43E, 43F, 43G and 43H of the ERA 1996 require that a disclosure be made in good faith in order to be a protected disclosure and benefit from whistleblowing protections.
105.A worker who makes a protected disclosure within the meaning of Part 4A of the ERA 1996 has a right not to be unfairly dismissed and a right not to suffer a detriment as a result of having made such a disclosure. Section 43K of the ERA 1996 defines who is a “worker” for the purposes of the whistleblowing protections contained in Part 4A of the ERA 1996.
106.The definition of “worker” in section 43K of the ERA 1996 is broader than the definition of “worker” in section 230 of the ERA 1996, which applies to rights set out elsewhere in the ERA 1996. The definition serves to ensure that the protection of the statute in relation to whistleblowers applies more broadly than other employment rights.
107.The following four sections amend Part 4A of the ERA 1996 which deals with public interest disclosures.