Commission Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011Show full title

[F1 5. Single-pilot aeroplanes, except for high-performance complex aeroplanes U.K.

(a)

The following symbols mean:

P =	Trained as PIC or co-pilot and as PF and PM
OTD =	Other training devices may be used for this exercise
X =	An FFS shall be used for this exercise; otherwise, an aeroplane shall be used if appropriate for the manoeuvre or procedure
P# =	The training shall be complemented by supervised aeroplane inspection

(b)

The practical training shall be conducted at least at the training equipment level shown as (P), or may be conducted on any higher level of equipment shown by the arrow (---->).

The following abbreviations are used to indicate the training equipment used:

A =	aeroplane
FFS =	full-flight simulator
FSTD =	flight simulation training device

(c)

The starred (*) items of Section 3B and, for multi-engine, Section 6, shall be flown solely by reference to instruments if revalidation/renewal of an IR is included in the skill test or proficiency check. If the starred (*) items are not flown solely by reference to instruments during the skill test or proficiency check, and when there is no crediting of IR privileges, the class or type rating will be restricted to VFR only.

(d)

Section 3A shall be completed to revalidate a type or multi-engine class rating, VFR only, where the required experience of 10 route sectors within the previous 12 months has not been completed. Section 3A is not required if Section 3B is completed.

(e)

Where the letter ‘ M ’ appears in the skill test or proficiency check column, this will indicate a mandatory exercise or a choice where more than one exercise appears.

(f)

An FSTD shall be used for practical training for type or ME class ratings if they form part of an approved class or type rating course. The following considerations will apply to the approval of the course:

(i)

the qualification of the FSTD as set out in the relevant requirements of Annex VI (Part-ARA) and Annex VII (Part-ORA);

(ii)

the qualifications of the instructors;

(iii)

the amount of FSTD training provided on the course; and

(iv)

the qualifications and previous experience on similar types of the pilots under training.

(g)

If privileges for multi-pilot operation are sought for the first time, pilots holding privileges for single-pilot operations shall:

(1)

complete a bridge course containing manoeuvres and procedures including MCC as well as the exercises of Section 7 using tthreat and error management (TEM), CRM and human factors at an ATO; and

(2)

pass a proficiency check in multi-pilot operations.

(h)

If privileges for single-pilot operations are sought for the first time, pilots holding privileges for multi-pilot operations shall be trained at an ATO and checked for the following additional manoeuvres and procedures in single-pilot operations:

(1)

for SE aeroplanes, 1.6, 4.5, 4.6, 5.2 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B;and

(2)

for ME aeroplanes, 1.6, Section 6 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B.

(i)

Pilots holding privileges for both single-pilot and multi-pilot operations in accordance with points (g) and (h) may revalidate privileges for both types of operations by completing a proficiency check in multi-pilot operations in addition to the exercises referred to in points (h)(1) or (h)(2), as applicable, in single-pilot operations.

(j)

If a skill test or a proficiency check is completed in multi-pilot operations only, the type rating shall be restricted to multi-pilot operations. The restriction shall be removed when pilots comply with point (h).

(k)

The training, testing and checking shall follow the table mentioned below.

(1)

Training at an ATO, testing and checking requirements for single-pilot privileges

(2)

Training at an ATO, testing and checking requirements for multi-pilot privileges

(3)

Training at an ATO, testing and checking requirements for pilots holding single-pilot privileges seeking multi-pilot privileges for the first time (bridge course)

(4)

Training at an ATO, testing and checking requirements for pilots holding multi-pilot privileges seeking single-pilot privileges for the first time (bridge course)

(5)

Training at an ATO and checking requirements for combined revalidation and renewal of single and multi-pilot privileges

	[F2 (1)		(2)		(3)		(4)		(5)
Type of operation	SP		MP		SP MP (initial)		MP SP (initial)		SP + MP
	Training	Testing/checking	Training	Testing/checking	Training	Testing/checking	Training, testing and checking (SE aeroplanes)	Training, testing and checking (ME aeroplanes)	SE aeroplanes	ME aeroplanes
Initial issue SP complex	Sections 1-6 1-7	Sections 1-6 1-6	Sections 1-7	Sections 1-6	MCC CRM Human factors TEM Section 7	Sections 1-6	1.6, 4.5, 4.6, 5.2 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B	1.6, Section 6 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B
Revalidation SP complex	n/a n/a	Sections 1–6 1-6	n/a	Sections 1–6	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	MPO: Sections 1-7 (training) Section 1-6 (checking) SPO: 1.6, 4.5, 4.6, 5.2 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B	MPO: Sections 1-7 (training) Sections 1-6 (checking) SPO: 1.6, Section 6 and, if applicable, one approach from Section 3.B
Renewal SP complex	FCL.740	Sections 1-6 1-6	FCL.740	Sections 1-6	n/a	n/a	n/a	n/a	Training: FCL.740 Check: as for the revalidation	Training: FCL.740 Check: as for the revalidation]

(l)

[F3 To establish or maintain PBN privileges, one approach shall be an RNP APCH. Where an RNP APCH is not practicable, it shall be performed in an appropriately equipped FSTD.

By way of derogation from the subparagraph above, in cases where a proficiency check for revalidation of PBN privileges does not include an RNP APCH exercise, the PBN privileges of the pilot shall not include RNP APCH.The restriction shall be lifted if the pilot has completed a proficiency check including an RNP APCH exercise.]

TMGs AND SINGLE-PILOT AEROPLANES, EXCEPT FOR HIGH-PERFORMANCE COMPLEX AEROPLANES		PRACTICAL TRAINING			CLASS OR TYPE RATING SKILL TEST OR PROFICIENCY CHECK
Manoeuvres/procedures		FSTD	A	Instructor initials when training completed	Tested or checked in FSTD or A	Examiner initials when test or check completed
SECTION 1
1 1.1	Departure Preflight including: documentation; mass and balance; weather briefing; and NOTAM.	OTD
1.2	Pre-start checks
1.2.1	External	OTD P#	P		M
1.2.2	Internal	OTD P#	P		M
1.3	Engine starting: normal malfunctions.	P---->	---->		M
1.4	Taxiing	P---->	---->		M
1.5	Pre-departure checks: engine run-up (if applicable)	P---->	---->		M
1.6	Take-off procedure: normal with flight manual flap settings; and crosswind (if conditions are available).	P---->	---->		M
1.7	Climbing: Vx/Vy; turns onto headings; and level off.	P---->	---->		M
1.8	ATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures	P---->			M
SECTION 2
2 2.1	Airwork (visual meteorological conditions (VMC)) Straight and level flight at various airspeeds including flight at critically low airspeed with and without flaps (including approach to V V mca when applicable)	P---->	---->
2.2	Steep turns (360° left and right at 45° bank)	P---->	---->		M
2.3	Stalls and recovery: (i) clean stall; (ii) approach to stall in descending turn with bank with approach configuration and power; (iii) approach to stall in landing configuration and power; and (iv) approach to stall, climbing turn with take-off flap and climb power (single-engine aeroplanes only)	P---->	---->		M
2.4	Handling using autopilot and flight director (may be conducted in Section 3), if applicable	P---->	---->		M
2.5	ATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures	P---->	---->		M
SECTION 3A
3A 3A.1	En route procedures VFR (see B.5 (c) and (d)) Flight plan, dead reckoning and map reading	P---->	---->
3A.2	Maintenance of altitude, heading and speed	P---->	---->
3A.3	Orientation, timing and revision of ETAs	P---->	---->
3A.4	Use of radio navigation aids (if applicable)	P---->	---->
3A.5	Flight management (flight log, routine checks including fuel, systems and icing)	P---->	---->
3A.6	ATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures	P---->	---->
SECTION 3B
3B 3B.1*	Instrument flight Departure IFR	P---->	---->		M
3B.2*	En route IFR	P---->	---->		M
3B.3*	Holding procedures	P---->	---->		M
3B.4*	3D operations to decision height/altitude (DH/A) of 200 ft (60 m) or to higher minima if required by the approach procedure (autopilot may be used to the final approach segment vertical path intercept)	P---->	---->		M
3B.5*	2D operations to minimum descent height/altitude (MDH/A)	P---->	---->		M
3B.6*	Flight exercises including simulated failure of the compass and attitude indicator: rate 1 turns; and recoveries from unusual attitudes.	P---->	---->		M
3B.7*	Failure of localiser or glideslope	P---->	---->
3B.8*	ATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures	P---->	---->		M
	Intentionally left blank
SECTION 4
4 4.1	Arrival and landings Aerodrome arrival procedure	P---->	---->		M
4.2	Normal landing	P---->	---->		M
4.3	Flapless landing	P---->	---->		M
4.4	Crosswind landing (if suitable conditions)	P---->	---->
4.5	Approach and landing with idle power from up to 2 000 ft above the runway (single-engine aeroplanes only)	P---->	---->
4.6	Go-around from minimum height	P---->	---->		M
4.7	Night go-around and landing (if applicable)	P---->	---->
4.8	ATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures	P---->	---->		M
SECTION 5
5	Abnormal and emergency procedures (This section may be combined with Sections 1 through 4.)
5.1	Rejected take-off at a reasonable speed	P---->	---->		M
5.2	Simulated engine failure after take-off (single-engine aeroplanes only)		P		M
5.3	Simulated forced landing without power (single-engine aeroplanes only)		P		M
5.4	Simulated emergencies: (i) fire or smoke in flight; and (ii) systems' malfunctions as appropriate	P---->	---->
5.5	ME aeroplanes and TMG training only: engine shutdown and restart (at a safe altitude if performed in the aircraft)	P---->	---->
5.6	ATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures
SECTION 6
6 6.1*	Simulated asymmetric flight (This section may be combined with Sections 1 through 5.) Simulated engine failure during take-off (at a safe altitude unless carried out in an FFS or an FNPT II)	P---->	--->X		M
6.2*	Asymmetric approach and go-around	P---->	---->		M
6.3*	Asymmetric approach and full-stop landing	P---->	---->		M
6.4	ATC liaison — compliance, R/T procedures	P---->	---->		M
SECTION 7
7	UPRT
7.1	Flight manoeuvres and procedures
7.1.1	Manual flight with and without flight directors (no autopilot, no autothrust/autothrottle, and at different control laws, where applicable)	P----->	---->
7.1.1.1	At different speeds (including slow flight) and altitudes within the FSTD training envelope.	P----->	---->
7.1.1.2	Steep turns using 45° bank, 180° to 360° left and right	P----->	---->
7.1.1.3	Turns with and without spoilers	P----->	---->
7.1.1.4	Procedural instrument flying and manoeuvring including instrument departure and arrival, and visual approach	P----->	---->
7.2 7.2.1	Upset recovery training Recovery from stall events in: take-off configuration; clean configuration at low altitude; clean configuration near maximum operating altitude; and landing configuration	P----->	---->
[F2 7.2.2	The following upset exercises: recovery from nose-high at various bank angles; and recovery from nose-low at various bank angles.	P	X An aeroplane shall not be used for this exercise			]
7.3	Go-around with all engines operating* from various stages during an instrument approach	P--->	----->
7.4	Rejected landing with all engines operating: from various heights below DH/MDH 15 m (50 ft) above the runway threshold after touchdown (baulked landing) In aeroplanes which are not certificated as transport category aeroplanes (JAR/FAR 25) or as commuter category aeroplanes (SFAR 23), the rejected landing with all engines operating shall be initiated below MDH/A or after touchdown.	P----->	----->			]

Textual Amendments

F2 Substituted by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2019/1747 of 15 October 2019 amending Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 as regards requirements for certain flight crew licences and certificates, rules on training organisations and competent authorities (Text with EEA relevance).

F3 Substituted by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2020/359 of 4 March 2020 amending Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to civil aviation aircrew pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 216/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance).

Textual Amendments

F1 Substituted by Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2018/1974 of 14 December 2018 amending Regulation (EU) No 1178/2011 laying down technical requirements and administrative procedures related to civil aviation aircrew pursuant to Regulation (EU) 2018/1139 of the European Parliament and of the Council (Text with EEA relevance).