Income Tax Act 2007

Supplementary U.K.

331 Meaning of a company being “in administration” or “in receivership” U.K.

(1) References in this Part to a company being “in administration” or “in receivership” are to be read as follows.

(2) A company is “in administration” if—

(a) it is in administration within the meaning of Schedule B1 to the Insolvency Act 1986 (c. 45) or Schedule B1 to the Insolvency (Northern Ireland) Order 1989 (S.I. 1989/2405 (N.I. 19)), or

(b) there is in force in relation to it under the law of a country or territory outside the United Kingdom any appointment corresponding to an appointment of an administrator under either of those Schedules.

(3) A company is “in receivership” if there is in force in relation to it—

(a) an order for the appointment of an administrative receiver, a receiver and manager or a receiver under Chapter 1 or 2 of Part 3 of the Insolvency Act 1986 or Part 4 of the Insolvency (Northern Ireland) Order 1989, or

(b) any corresponding order under the law of a country or territory outside the United Kingdom.

[F1 331A Meaning of “knowledge-intensive company” U.K.

(1) For the purposes of this Part, the relevant company is a “knowledge-intensive company” at the applicable time if the company meets—

(a) one or both of the operating costs conditions (see subsections (3) and (4)), and

(b) one or both of—

(i) the innovation condition (see subsection (6)), and

(ii) the skilled employee condition (see subsection (9)).

(2) “The applicable time” means—

(a) in relation to references to a knowledge-intensive company in section 280B or 280C, the date the current investment (within the meaning of the section in question) is made, and

(b) in relation to any other reference to a knowledge-intensive company, the date the relevant holding is issued.

(3) The first operating costs condition is that in at least one of the relevant three preceding years at least 15% of the relevant operating costs constituted expenditure on research and development or innovation.

(4) The second operating costs condition is that in each of the relevant three preceding years at least 10% of the relevant operating costs constituted such expenditure.

(5) In subsections (3) and (4)—

• “relevant operating costs” means—

  (a)

  if the relevant company is a single company at the applicable time, the operating costs of that company, and

  (b)

  if the relevant company is a parent company at the applicable time, the sum of—

  (i)

  the operating costs of the relevant company, and

  (ii)

  the operating costs of each company which is a qualifying subsidiary of the relevant company at that time;

• “the relevant three preceding years” [F2 means, subject to subsection (5A), the three consecutive years the last of which ends immediately before the beginning of the last accounts filing period.]

[F3 (5A) If the last accounts filing period ends more than 12 months before the applicable time, the relevant three preceding years are the three consecutive years the last of which ends 12 months before the applicable time.]

(6) “The innovation condition” is—

(a) where the relevant company is a single company, that—

(i) the relevant company is engaged in intellectual property creation at the applicable time, and

(ii) it is reasonable to assume that, within 10 years of the applicable time, one or a combination of—

(a) the exploitation of relevant intellectual property held by the company, and

(b) business which results from new or improved products, processes or services utilising relevant intellectual property held by the company,

will form the greater part of its business;

(b) where the relevant company is a parent company, that—

(i) the parent company or one or more of its qualifying subsidiaries (or both that company and one or more of those subsidiaries) is or are engaged in intellectual property creation at the applicable time, and

(ii) it is reasonable to assume that, within 10 years of the applicable time, one or a combination of—

(a) the exploitation of relevant intellectual property held by the parent company or any of its qualifying subsidiaries, and

(b) business which results from new or improved products, processes or services utilising relevant intellectual property held by the parent company or any of its qualifying subsidiaries,

will form the greater part of the business of the group, if the activities of the group companies taken together are regarded as one business.

(7) For the purposes of subsection (6), a company is engaged in intellectual property creation if—

(a) relevant intellectual property is being created by the company, or has been created by it within the previous three years,

(b) the company is taking, or preparing to take, steps in order that relevant intellectual property will be created by it, or

(c) the company is carrying on activity which is the subject of a written evaluation which—

(i) has been prepared by an independent expert, and

(ii) includes a statement to the effect that, in the opinion of the expert, it is reasonable to assume that relevant intellectual property will, in the foreseeable future, be created by the company.

(8) For the purposes of this section—

(a) intellectual property is “relevant” intellectual property, in relation to a company, if the whole or greater part (in terms of value) of it is created by the company, and

(b) intellectual property is created by a company if it is created in circumstances in which the right to exploit it vests in the company (whether alone or jointly with others).

(9) “The skilled employee condition” is that at the applicable time—

(a) if the relevant company is a single company, the FTE skilled employee number is at least 20% of the FTE employee number, and

(b) if the relevant company is a parent company, the FTE group skilled employee number is at least 20% of the FTE group employee number.

(10) In this section—

• “FTE employee number” for a company is the full-time equivalent employee number determined in accordance with section 297A(3);

• “FTE group employee number” means the sum of—

  (a)

  the FTE employee number for the relevant company, and

  (b)

  the FTE employee number for each of its qualifying subsidiaries;

• “FTE group skilled employee number” means the sum of—

  (a)

  the FTE skilled employee number for the relevant company, and

  (b)

  the FTE skilled employee number for each of its qualifying subsidiaries;

• “FTE skilled employee number” for a company is determined in accordance with section 297A(3) in the same way as the full-time equivalent employee number except that only employees of the company who—

  (a)

  hold a relevant HE qualification, and

  (b)

  are engaged directly in research and development or innovation activities carried on—

  (i)

  if the relevant company is a single company, by that company, or

  (ii)

  if the relevant company is a parent company, by that company or any qualifying subsidiary of that company,

  are to be taken into account;

• “independent expert”, in relation to an evaluation of activity of a company, means an individual who—

  (a)

  is not connected with the relevant company,

  (b)

  holds a relevant HE qualification, and

  (c)

  is an expert in the area of research and development or innovation being or to be pursued by the company in question,

  and, for the purposes of paragraph (a), sections 167, 170 and 171 (but not section 168) apply to determine if an individual is connected with the relevant company (with references in those sections to the issuing company read as references to the relevant company);

• “intellectual property” has the meaning given by section 306(6);

• “the last accounts filing period” means the last period for filing (within the meaning of section 442 of the Companies Act 2006) for the relevant company which ends before the applicable time;

• “operating costs”, of a company for a period, means expenses of the company which are recognised as expenses in the company's profit and loss account or income statement for that period, other than expenses relating to transactions between that company and another company at a time when both companies are members of the same group (but see also subsection (11));

• “relevant HE qualification” means—

  (a)

  a qualification which is at level 7, or a higher level, of the framework for higher education qualifications in England, Wales and Northern Ireland (as that framework may be amended or replaced from time to time),

  (b)

  a qualification which is at level 11, or a higher level, of the framework for qualifications of higher education institutions in Scotland (as that framework may be amended or replaced from time to time), or

  (c)

  a comparable qualification to one within paragraph (a) or (b).

(11) Such apportionments as are just and reasonable are to be made to amounts recognised in a company's profit and loss account or income statement for the purpose of determining the company's operating costs for a year.

(12) The Treasury may by regulations amend this section for the purposes of adding, amending or removing a condition which must be met for a company to be a knowledge-intensive company.

(13) A statutory instrument containing regulations under subsection (12) may not be made unless a draft of it has been laid before and approved by a resolution of the House of Commons.]

Textual Amendments

F1 S. 331A inserted (18.11.2015) by Finance (No. 2) Act 2015 (c. 33), Sch. 6 para. 20

F2 Words in s. 331A(5) substituted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 2016 (c. 24), s. 29(5)(a)(6) (with s. 30)

F3 S. 331A(5A) inserted (retrospectively) by Finance Act 2016 (c. 24), s. 29(5)(b)(6) (with s. 30)

[F4 331B Knowledge-intensive company reaching turnover of £200,000 U.K.

(1) This section has effect for the purposes of sections 280C(3)(a)(ii) and 294A(2)(a)(ii) (alternative initial investing period in case of knowledge-intensive company).

(2) Where—

(a) the annual turnover of the relevant company in relation to an accounting period (see subsection (3)) is £200,000 or more, and

(b) the annual turnover for the company in relation to each previous accounting period is less than £200,000,

the company is treated as reaching an annual turnover of £200,000 or more by reference to the specified date (see subsection (4)).

(3) The annual turnover in relation to an accounting period is—

(a) the turnover for that accounting period (if the accounting period is for 12 months), or

(b) the turnover for the period of 12 months ending when that accounting period ends (if not).

(4) The specified date is—

(a) in the case of an accounting period of 12 months or less, the last day of that accounting period;

(b) in the case of an accounting period of more than 12 months, the last day of the period of 12 months beginning when that accounting period begins.

(5) The turnover of the relevant company for a period (“the period”) is treated for the purposes of this section as including the relevant turnover of any company that is a member of the same group as the relevant company during the whole or any part of the period (a “group company”).

(6) The relevant turnover of a group company is—

(a) its turnover for the period, if the group company is a member of the same group as the relevant company for the whole of the period;

(b) if the group company is a member of the same group as the relevant company for part of the period, its turnover for that part of the period.

(7) Any necessary apportionments of turnover are to be made, on a time basis according to the respective lengths of the periods in question, for the purposes of subsections (3)(b) and (6).

(8) In this section “turnover” has the meaning given by section 474(1) of the Companies Act 2006 and is to be determined by reference to—

(a) the accounts of the company, and

(b) amounts recognised for accounting purposes.]

Textual Amendments

F4 S. 331B inserted (6.4.2018) by Finance Act 2018 (c. 3), Sch. 4 paras. 9, 10; S.I. 2018/931, reg. 3(b)

332 Minor definitions etc U.K.

In this Part—

• “associate” has the meaning given by section 253,

• “company” includes any body corporate or unincorporated association but does not include a partnership, and is to be read in accordance with [F5 section 99] of TCGA 1992 (unit trust schemes),

• “director” is read in accordance with [F6 section 452 of CTA 2010],

• “group” means a parent company and its qualifying subsidiaries,

• “group company”, in relation to a group, means the parent company or any of its qualifying subsidiaries,

• “ordinary shares” means shares forming part of a company's ordinary share capital,

• “parent company” means a company that has one or more qualifying subsidiaries and “single company” means a company that does not,

• “research and development” has the meaning given by section 1006, and

• “shares” includes stock.

Textual Amendments

F5 Words in s. 332 substituted (1.1.2018) by The Collective Investment Schemes and Offshore Funds (Amendment of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/1204), regs. 1(1), 12(a) (with reg. 1(2)(3)) and words in s. 332 omitted (1.1.2018) by virtue of The Collective Investment Schemes and Offshore Funds (Amendment of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/1204), regs. 1(1), 12(b) (with reg. 1(2)(3)) which amendments fall due to the omission of Finance Act, Sch. 22 para. 11(5) (with effect in accordance with reg. 1(2) of the amending S.I.) by virtue of The Collective Investment Schemes and Offshore Funds (Amendment of the Taxation of Chargeable Gains Act 1992) Regulations 2017 (S.I. 2017/1204), regs. 1(1), 13

F6 Words in s. 332 substituted (with effect in accordance with s. 1184(1) of the amending Act) by Corporation Tax Act 2010 (c. 4), s. 1184(1), Sch. 1 para. 507 (with Sch. 2)